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以上いじょう已上Freq #250

Noun, used as a suffix

not less than ...; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards; ... or more

Examples

６歳以上の子供は学校に通わなければならない。

Children of six and above should attend school.

Noun, used as a suffix

beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; more than; further than

Examples

これ以上の値引きは、私どもを赤字に追いやるでしょう。

A further reduction would make us go into the red.

必要以上にお金を使わないようにしなさい。

Try not to spend more money than is necessary.

Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; Common noun

the above; the above-mentioned; the aforementioned; the foregoing

Examples

以上のように、実にシンプルな誰でも出来るノウハウで十分な利益と顧客は確保できるのです！

As shown above, it is possible to obtain ample profit and customers with truly simple know-how that anyone can do!

Common noun; Conjunction; After a verb

since ...; seeing that ...; now that ...; once ...

Examples

公僕も人間であること、また、人間である以上過ちを犯す可能性があることを、彼は認識している。

He realizes that public officials are human, and that as human beings they are capable of misjudgement.

Expressions

that's all; that is the end; the end

Examples

以上ですか？

Is that all?

以外いがいNoun suffixFreq #307

excluding; except (for); apart from; other than; besides; in addition to

Examples

その仕事以外ならなんでもやる。

I'll do anything but that job.

outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)

以前いぜん已前Freq #700

Noun, used as a suffix

before; prior to; ago

Examples

最善を尽くしますが、よくいっても木曜以前に終える事は出来ません。

I'll do my best, but I'll not be able to finish it before Thursday at best.

Common noun; Adverb (fukushi)

the past; before; previously; former times

Examples

以前はこの丘の上に城があった。

There used to be a castle on this hill.

以来いらいNounAdverbFreq #1239

since; henceforth

Examples

１９８８年以来トムに会っていません。

I haven't seen Tom since 1988.

以下いか已下いげFreq #2468

Noun, used as a suffix

not exceeding ...; not more than ...; ... and under; ... and below; ... or fewer

Examples

１６歳以下の子供は劇場には入場できません。

Children of age sixteen and under will not be admitted to the theatre.

Noun, used as a suffix

below (a standard, level, etc.); under; beneath; less than

Examples

君の要約は平均以下だね。

Your summary is not up to par.

Common noun; Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'

the following; the below-mentioned; the rest; followed by ...

Examples

以下の説明は多くの異なる理論を比較的対照することによって得られたものである。

The explanation below was achieved by comparing and contrasting a variety of different theories.

Noun, used as a suffix; Used to refer to all members of a group, starting with the head or principal figure

including ...; ... and other (employees, officials, etc.)

以降いこう已降NounAdverbFreq #2601

on and after; from ... onward; since

Examples

それ以降彼は辛い一生を送った。

He led a hard life after that.

以内いないNounNoun suffixAdverbFreq #2987

within; inside of; less than

Examples

１週間以内に電話します。

I'll call you within a week.

これ以上これいじょうExpressionFreq #752

Usu. with neg. sentence

any more; anymore; any further; any better; any longer

それ以上それいじょうExpressionFreq #1057

further; above (that); greater (than that); any more

Examples

それ以上の侮辱には我慢できなかった。

I couldn't bear any more insults.

以後已後いごNounAdverbFreq #5308

after this; from now on; hereafter

Examples

以後こんなことはいたしません。

I'll never do this again.

Esp. after あれ, それ or the -te form of a verb

thereafter; since (then); after

Examples

それ以後彼女に会っていません。

I haven't seen her since then.

もって以て以ってExpressionUsually kanaFreq #5492

Usu. as をもって

with; by; by means of

Usu. as をもって

because of; on account of; for; due to

Usu. as をもって

on (a day, date); at (a time); as of (e.g. today)

adds emphasis to preceding word

Conjunction; As でもって

in addition (to being); moreover; as well as; and

Conjunction

therefore; and so; hence

をもってを以てを以ってExpressionUsually kanaFreq #6493

with; by; by means of

Examples

己をもって他人を律するな。

Don't judge others by yourself.

because of; on account of; for; due to

on (a day, date); at (a time); as of (e.g. today)

所以ゆえんNounFreq #16848

reason; grounds

予想以上よそういじょう～の Adj.AdverbFreq #6816

more than expected

Examples

予想以上に多くの観客が来ていました。

There were more spectators than I had expected.

それ以来それいらいNounAdverbExpressionFreq #7118

since then; from that time; ever since

Examples

それ以来彼のうわさは聞いていない。

He has never been heard of since.

前もってまえもって前以てAdverbFreq #11635

in advance; beforehand; previously; ahead of time

Examples

私は前もってあなたに知らせる。

I will let you know in advance.

まったくもって全くもって全く以てAdverbExpressionUsually kanaFreq #11696

More emphatic than 全く

as a matter of fact; really; truly; entirely; completely; wholly; perfectly

あれ以来あれいらいExpressionFreq #13839

since then

身をもって身を以てみをもって身を持ってExpressionFreq #14378

with one's own body; by one's own action; by one's own experience; personally; firsthand

barely (e.g. escape); narrowly

もってしても以ってしてもExpressionUsually kanaFreq #16687

Usu. を〜

(not) even when using ...; (not) even with the help of ...; (not) even by ...

もってする以てするTransitiveUsually kanaする VerbFreq #17600

to do by the use of

もってのほか以ての外Noun～な Adj.～の Adj.Usually kanaFreq #23783

outrageous; preposterous; most improper; most unreasonable; inexcusable; unpardonable; out of the question

Examples

私は中古車を買う余裕などなく、ましてや新車などはもってのほかだ。

I can't afford to buy a used car, much less a new car.

いろはイロハ伊呂波以呂波色葉NounUsually kanaFreq #32074

traditional ordering of the Japanese syllabary

fundamentals; the ABCs of ...

Examples

商売のいろはも知らない。

I don't know the ABC of business.

イスラエル《以色列》NounUsually kanaFreq #33232

Israel

Examples

「あなたはイスラエルの教師でしょう」とイエスはいった。

"You are Israel's teacher," said Jesus.

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