以
以

by means of, because, in view of, compared with

5 strokesFrequency 126JLPT N3Grade 4

On

イ

Kun

もっ.て

Nanori

もち

Dictionary

Common Words

以上いじょう已上Freq #250
1

Noun, used as a suffix

not less than ...; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards; ... or more

Examples
６歳以上の子供は学校に通わなければならない。
Children of six and above should attend school.
2

Noun, used as a suffix

beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; more than; further than

Examples
これ以上の値引きは、私どもを赤字に追いやるでしょう。
A further reduction would make us go into the red.
必要以上にお金を使わないようにしなさい。
Try not to spend more money than is necessary.
3

Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; Common noun

the above; the above-mentioned; the aforementioned; the foregoing

Examples
以上のように、実にシンプルな誰でも出来るノウハウで十分な利益と顧客は確保できるのです！
As shown above, it is possible to obtain ample profit and customers with truly simple know-how that anyone can do!
4

Common noun; Conjunction; After a verb

since ...; seeing that ...; now that ...; once ...

Examples
公僕も人間であること、また、人間である以上過ちを犯す可能性があることを、彼は認識している。
He realizes that public officials are human, and that as human beings they are capable of misjudgement.
5

Expressions

that's all; that is the end; the end

Examples
以上ですか？
Is that all?
以外いがいNoun suffixFreq #307
1

excluding; except (for); apart from; other than; besides; in addition to

Examples
その仕事以外ならなんでもやる。
I'll do anything but that job.
2

outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)

以前いぜん已前Freq #700
1

Noun, used as a suffix

before; prior to; ago

Examples
最善を尽くしますが、よくいっても木曜以前に終える事は出来ません。
I'll do my best, but I'll not be able to finish it before Thursday at best.
2

Common noun; Adverb (fukushi)

the past; before; previously; former times

Examples
以前はこの丘の上に城があった。
There used to be a castle on this hill.
これ以上これいじょうExpressionFreq #752
1

Usu. with neg. sentence

any more; anymore; any further; any better; any longer

それ以上それいじょうExpressionFreq #1057
1

further; above (that); greater (than that); any more

Examples
それ以上の侮辱には我慢できなかった。
I couldn't bear any more insults.
以来いらいNounAdverbFreq #1239
1

since; henceforth

Examples
１９８８年以来トムに会っていません。
I haven't seen Tom since 1988.
以下いか已下いげFreq #2468
1

Noun, used as a suffix

not exceeding ...; not more than ...; ... and under; ... and below; ... or fewer

Examples
１６歳以下の子供は劇場には入場できません。
Children of age sixteen and under will not be admitted to the theatre.
2

Noun, used as a suffix

below (a standard, level, etc.); under; beneath; less than

Examples
君の要約は平均以下だね。
Your summary is not up to par.
3

Common noun; Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'

the following; the below-mentioned; the rest; followed by ...

Examples
以下の説明は多くの異なる理論を比較的対照することによって得られたものである。
The explanation below was achieved by comparing and contrasting a variety of different theories.
4

Noun, used as a suffix; Used to refer to all members of a group, starting with the head or principal figure

including ...; ... and other (employees, officials, etc.)

以降いこう已降NounAdverbFreq #2601
1

on and after; from ... onward; since

Examples
それ以降彼は辛い一生を送った。
He led a hard life after that.
以内いないNounNoun suffixAdverbFreq #2987
1

within; inside of; less than

Examples
１週間以内に電話します。
I'll call you within a week.
以後已後いごNounAdverbFreq #5308
1

after this; from now on; hereafter

Examples
以後こんなことはいたしません。
I'll never do this again.
2

Esp. after あれ, それ or the -te form of a verb

thereafter; since (then); after

Examples
それ以後彼女に会っていません。
I haven't seen her since then.
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