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้Ž
้Ž
11 strokes
Frequency: 285
JLPT N2
Grade 5

Meanings

overdo
exceed
go beyond
error

Readings

On โ€” Chinese-derived reading, usually for compounds
ใ‚ซ
Kun โ€” Native Japanese reading, usually for standalone words
ใ™.ใŽใ‚‹
ใ™.ใ”ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚„ใพ.ใก
ใ‚ใ‚„ใพ.ใค
ใ‚ˆใŽ.ใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆ.ใŽใ‚‹

Common Words

ใ™ใŽใ‚‹
Intransitive
Ichidan verb
Freq #243
1

to pass through; to pass by; to go beyond

2

to pass (of time); to elapse

Examples
ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚‚ใพใŸๅฏ‚ใ—ใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใŒ้ŽใŽใ‚‹ใ€‚
Another lonely day.
๏ผ‘ๅนดใŒ้ŽใŽใ€ๅฝผใฎๆญปไฝ“ใฏๅกตใจๅŒ–ใ—ใŸใ€‚
A year had passed by and his body turned to dust.
3

to have expired; to have ended; to be over

4

to exceed; to surpass; to be above

5

As ใ€œใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„, etc.

to be no more than ...

6

Word usually written using kana alone; Suffix; Often used after adj. stems or the -masu stems of verbs

to be excessive; to be too much; to be too ...

Examples
ใ“ใฎใ‚นใƒผใƒ—ใฏใ€ใ—ใ‚‡ใฃใฑ้ŽใŽใฆ้ฃฒใ‚ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚
This soup is too salty to eat.
ใ™ใ
Intransitive
Archaic
Freq #321
1

Nidan verb (upper class)

to pass through; to pass by; to go beyond

2

Nidan verb (upper class)

to pass (of time); to elapse

3

Nidan verb (upper class)

to have expired; to have ended; to be over

4

Nidan verb (upper class)

to exceed; to surpass; to be above

้Žใ™
ใ™ใ”ใ™
Godan verb
Freq #809
1

Transitive verb

to spend (time); to pass; to lead (a life); to live

Examples
ใŠๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงใŠ้Žใ”ใ—ใฎใ“ใจใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
I hope this letter finds you well.
ใ„ใ„ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒžใ‚นใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
Did you have a nice Christmas?
2

Transitive verb

to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to carry too far; to carry to excess

3

Dated term; Transitive verb

to take care of; to support

4

Suffix; After the -masu stem of a verb

to overdo; to do too much

5

Suffix; After the -masu stem of a verb

to ... without acting on it; to ... without getting involved

ใ‹ใ“
Noun
Freq #853
1

Adverb (fukushi); Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'

the past; bygone days

Examples
็งใฏใ„ใคใพใงใ‚‚้ŽๅŽปใซใ“ใ ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใจๅฟƒใŒใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
I try not to dwell on the past.
2

one's past (that one would prefer remained secret)

3

Grammar

past (tense); preterit; preterite

4

Buddhism

previous life

ใ™ใŽ
Noun suffix
Noun
Freq #1012
1

past; after

Examples
๏ผ‘๏ผๆ™‚้ŽใŽใซใฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใงไธ‹ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
Don't call me up after ten o'clock.
2

Word usually written using kana alone

too (much); over- (e.g. eating)

Examples
ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ใฎๅ‡บใ—้ŽใŽใฏๅฑ้™บใงใ™ใ€‚
Driving too fast is dangerous.
ใ‘ใ„ใ‹
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Freq #2796
1

passage (of time); elapsing; lapse

Examples
ใใ‚Œไปฅๆฅ๏ผ“ๅนดใŒ็ตŒ้Žใ—ใŸใ€‚
Three years have passed since then.
2

progress; development; course (of events)

Examples
ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฎ็ตŒ้Žใฏไธ‹่จ˜ใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
The status of the project is as follows.
3

Astronomy

transit

ใซใ™ใŽใชใ„
Expression
๏ฝžใ„ Adj.
Freq #3504
1

no more than; just; only; mere; goes no further than

Examples
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใŸใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ใ€‚
She was merely stating a fact.
้€šใ‚Šใ™ใŽใ‚‹
ใจใŠใ‚Šใ™ใŽใ‚‹
Intransitive
Ichidan verb
Freq #3568
1

to go past; to pass; to pass by

Examples
็งใฏใใฎๆš—ใ„้“ใ‚’้€šใ‚Š้ŽใŽใŸใ€‚
I passed over the dark street.
ๅคš้ŽใŽใ‚‹
ใŠใŠใ™ใŽใ‚‹
Ichidan verb
Freq #4598
1

to be too numerous; to be too much

Examples
็งใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅคšใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ‹ๅฐ‘ใชใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
My work is always feast or famine.
ใคใ†ใ‹
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Intransitive
Freq #4853
1

passing through (a tunnel, station, town, etc.); passing by (e.g. of a typhoon); transit

Examples
้€š้Žใ™ใ‚‹่ปŠใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
Watch out for passing cars.
็ง้”ใฎไน—ใฃใŸๅˆ—่ปŠใฏ้•ทใ„ใƒˆใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’้€š้Žใ—ใŸใ€‚
Our train went through a long tunnel.
2

passage (of a bill, e.g. through parliament); carriage

Examples
ไบˆ็ฎ—ๆกˆใฏไธŠ้™ขใ‚’้€š้Žใ—ใŸใ€‚
The budget passed the Upper House.
3

passing (an examination, inspection, etc.); clearing; getting through (a preliminary round); qualification

๐ŸŽ“

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