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็…‰
็…‰
13 strokes
Grade 9

Meanings

refine metals
kneading over fire

Readings

On โ€” Chinese-derived reading, usually for compounds
ใƒฌใƒณ
Kun โ€” Native Japanese reading, usually for standalone words
ใญ.ใ‚‹

Common Words

ใ—ใ‚Œใ‚“
่ฉฆ็…‰
่ฉฆ้Œฌ
Noun
Freq #5337
1

test; trial; ordeal; tribulation

Examples
ๅฝผใฏๅŽณใ—ใ„่ฉฆ็ทดใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ€‚
He was subjected to severe trials.
ใญใ‚‹
็…‰ใ‚‹
้Œฌใ‚‹
้‚Œใ‚‹
Godan verb
Freq #5538
1

Transitive verb

to knead; to thicken into a paste (stirring over a flame)

Examples
็งใฎๅฟƒใจๆ€ใ„ใจใ‚’็ทดใ‚Šๆธ…ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
Try out my reins and my heart.
2

Transitive verb

to polish (a plan, etc.); to refine; to elaborate; to work out

Examples
ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใ‚’ใจใฃใฆไฝœๆˆฆใ‚’็ทดใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
Let's take time out to elaborate a strategy.
3

Transitive verb

to train; to drill; to exercise

4

Transitive verb

to gloss (silk); to soften; to degum

5

Transitive verb

to tan (leather)

6

Transitive verb

to temper (steel)

7

Intransitive verb

to walk in procession; to parade; to march

ใ›ใ‚“ใ‚Œใ‚“
ๆด—็…‰
ๆด—้Œฌ
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Transitive
Freq #7846
1

refinement; polish

Examples
ใ‚ใ‚ใ„ใ†ๆด—็ทดใ•ใ‚ŒใŸไบบใ€…ใฎไธญใงใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฏใพใฃใŸใๅ ด้•ใ„ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใŸใ€‚
I felt utterly out of place among those sophisticated people.
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Œใ‚“
ไฟฎ้Œฌ
ไฟฎ็…‰
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Transitive
Freq #13479
1

training; drill; practice; practising; discipline

็…‰็“ฆ
ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฌ
Noun
Usually kana
Freq #19230
1

brick

Examples
ใ‚ใฎๅฎถใฏใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฌ้€ ใ‚Šใ ใ€‚
That house is built of bricks.
ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ”ใ
Noun
Freq #22527
1

Christianity

purgatory

็ทดใ‚Šใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹
็ทดไธŠใ’ใ‚‹
็…‰ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹
้Œฌใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹
ใญใ‚Šใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹
Transitive
Ichidan verb
Freq #22736
1

to knead well

2

to polish; to refine

่ฃฝ้Œฌ
ใ›ใ„ใ‚Œใ‚“
็ฒพ็…‰
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Transitive
Freq #38806
1

refining; refinement; smelting

2

็ฒพ้Œฌ๏ผ็ฒพ็…‰ only

training

็…‰็“ฆ้€ ใ‚Š
ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฌใฅใใ‚Š (ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฌ้€ ใ‚Š)
ใ‚Œใ‚“ใŒใฅใใ‚Š (็…‰็“ฆ้€ ใ‚Š)
Noun
Freq #40387
1

brickwork

Examples
ใใฎๅฎถใฏ่ตคใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฌใฅใใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
The house is built of red bricks.
ใญใ‚Š
็…‰ใ‚Š
้Œฌใ‚Š
Noun
Freq #54844
1

Noun, used as a suffix

kneading; gloss; tempering

2

Noun or verb acting prenominally

paste (e.g. bean paste, mustard paste)

3

Shinto; Orig. ้‚Œใ‚Š, usu. ใŠ็ทดใ‚Š

parading of portable shrines and floats at festivals

๐ŸŽ“

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