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ć·Č
ć·Č
3 strokes
Frequency: 2140
Grade 9

Meanings

stop
halt
previously
already
long ago

Readings

On — Chinese-derived reading, usually for compounds
ă‚€
Kun — Native Japanese reading, usually for standalone words
や.む
すで.に
たみ
はăȘはだ
Nanori — Specialized readings used in names
み

Common Words

æ­ąă‚ă‚‹
ć·Čめる
ć»ƒă‚ă‚‹
Transitive
Usually kana
Ichidan verb
Freq #230
1

æ­ąă‚ă‚‹ïŒć·Čめる only

to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to end; to quit

Examples
ă‚­ăƒŁă‚·ăƒŒăŻèŠ±ă‚’æ‘˜ă‚€ăźă‚’ă‚„ă‚ăŸă—ăŸă€‚
Cathy stopped picking flowers.
2

to cancel; to abandon; to give up; to abolish; to abstain; to refrain

いじょう
ć·Č侊
Freq #250
1

Noun, used as a suffix

not less than ...; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards; ... or more

Examples
ïŒ–æ­łä»„äžŠăźć­äŸ›ăŻć­Šæ Ąă«é€šă‚ăȘければăȘらăȘい。
Children of six and above should attend school.
2

Noun, used as a suffix

beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; more than; further than

Examples
ă“ă‚Œä»„äžŠăźć€€ćŒ•ăăŻă€ç§ă©ă‚‚ă‚’è”€ć­—ă«èżœă„ă‚„ă‚‹ă§ă—ă‚‡ă†ă€‚
A further reduction would make us go into the red.
ćż…èŠä»„äžŠă«ăŠé‡‘ă‚’äœżă‚ăȘă„ă‚ˆă†ă«ă—ăȘさい。
Try not to spend more money than is necessary.
3

Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; Common noun

the above; the above-mentioned; the aforementioned; the foregoing

Examples
ä»„äžŠăźă‚ˆă†ă«ă€ćźŸă«ă‚·ăƒłăƒ—ăƒ«ăȘèȘ°ă§ă‚‚ć‡șæ„ă‚‹ăƒŽă‚Šăƒă‚Šă§ććˆ†ăȘćˆ©ç›ŠăšéĄ§ćźąăŻçąșäżă§ăă‚‹ăźă§ă™ïŒ
As shown above, it is possible to obtain ample profit and customers with truly simple know-how that anyone can do!
4

Common noun; Conjunction; After a verb

since ...; seeing that ...; now that ...; once ...

Examples
慬惕もäșșé–“ă§ă‚ă‚‹ă“ăšă€ăŸăŸă€äșșé–“ă§ă‚ă‚‹ä»„äžŠéŽăĄă‚’çŠŻă™ćŻèƒœæ€§ăŒă‚ă‚‹ă“ăšă‚’ă€ćœŒăŻèȘè­˜ă—おいる。
He realizes that public officials are human, and that as human beings they are capable of misjudgement.
5

Expressions

that's all; that is the end; the end

Examples
ä»„äžŠă§ă™ă‹ïŒŸ
Is that all?
いぜん
ć·Č才
Freq #700
1

Noun, used as a suffix

before; prior to; ago

Examples
æœ€ć–„ă‚’ć°œăă—ăŸă™ăŒă€ă‚ˆăă„ăŁăŠă‚‚æœšæ›œä»„ć‰ă«ç”‚ăˆă‚‹äș‹ăŻć‡șæ„ăŸă›ă‚“ă€‚
I'll do my best, but I'll not be able to finish it before Thursday at best.
2

Common noun; Adverb (fukushi)

the past; before; previously; former times

Examples
ä»„ć‰ăŻă“ăźäž˜ăźäžŠă«ćŸŽăŒă‚ăŁăŸă€‚
There used to be a castle on this hill.
æ—ąă«
ć·Čに
Adverb
Usually kana
Freq #723
1

already

Examples
バă‚čćœă«ç€ă„ăŸæ™‚ă€ăƒă‚čはすでにć‡șどいた。
The bus had already left when I got to the bus stop.
2

previously; before

Examples
ă™ă§ă«èš€ăŁăŠă‚ă‚‹ă‚ˆă†ă«ă€ă“ă‚Œă‚‚ă‚ăȘăŸăźä»•äș‹ăźă†ăĄă ă€‚
This is also part of your work, as I told you before.
3

undeniably; unmistakably; in the first place

いか
ć·Č例
いげ
Freq #2468
1

Noun, used as a suffix

not exceeding ...; not more than ...; ... and under; ... and below; ... or fewer

Examples
ïŒ‘ïŒ–æ­łä»„äž‹ăźć­äŸ›ăŻćŠ‡ć Žă«ăŻć…„ć Žă§ăăŸă›ă‚“ă€‚
Children of age sixteen and under will not be admitted to the theatre.
2

Noun, used as a suffix

below (a standard, level, etc.); under; beneath; less than

Examples
ć›ăźèŠçŽ„ăŻćčłć‡ä»„例だね。
Your summary is not up to par.
3

Common noun; Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'

the following; the below-mentioned; the rest; followed by ...

Examples
仄䞋たèȘŹæ˜ŽăŻć€šăăźç•°ăȘă‚‹ç†è«–ă‚’æŻ”èŒƒçš„ćŻŸç…§ă™ă‚‹ă“ăšă«ă‚ˆăŁăŠćŸ—ă‚‰ă‚ŒăŸă‚‚ăźă§ă‚ă‚‹ă€‚
The explanation below was achieved by comparing and contrasting a variety of different theories.
4

Noun, used as a suffix; Used to refer to all members of a group, starting with the head or principal figure

including ...; ... and other (employees, officials, etc.)

いこう
ć·Č降
Adverb
Noun
Freq #2601
1

on and after; from ... onward; since

Examples
ăă‚Œä»„é™ćœŒăŻèŸ›ă„äž€ç”Ÿă‚’é€ăŁăŸă€‚
He led a hard life after that.
やむ
ć·Čむ
çœ·ă‚€
熄む
æ­‡ă‚€
Godan verb
Intransitive
Freq #4768
1

to cease; to stop; to be over

Examples
é›šăŒă‚„ăżă•ăˆă™ă‚Œă°ă„ă„ăźă«ăȘあ。
If only it would stop raining!
æ•”ăźæ”»æ’ƒăŻć€œæ˜Žă‘ă«æ­ąă‚“ă ă€‚
The enemy attack ceased at dawn.
ć·ČćŸŒ
いご
Adverb
Noun
Freq #5308
1

after this; from now on; hereafter

Examples
ä»„ćŸŒă“ă‚“ăȘă“ăšăŻă„ăŸă—ăŸă›ă‚“ă€‚
I'll never do this again.
2

Esp. after あれ, それ or the -te form of a verb

thereafter; since (then); after

Examples
ăă‚Œä»„ćŸŒćœŒć„łă«äŒšăŁăŠă„ăŸă›ă‚“ă€‚
I haven't seen her since then.
æ­ąă‚€ç„Ąă
ć·Čむ無く
æ­ąă‚€ăȘく
ć·ČむăȘく
Adverb
Usually kana
Freq #16194
1

out of necessity; with no other option; perforce; unavoidably; reluctantly; unwillingly

Examples
私はやむăȘăè–Źă‚’ăźăŸă•ă‚ŒăŸă€‚
I was forced to take medicine.
æ­ąă‚€ă‚’ćŸ—ăȘい
やむをえăȘい
ć·Čă‚€ă‚’ćŸ—ăȘい
Expression
ïœžă„ Adj.
Freq #17683
1

cannot be helped; unavoidable

Examples
ă“ăźè‹„äșșă«ćŻŸă—ăŠă­ăŸăŸă—ăæ€ă†æ°—æŒăĄă‚’ă€ć›ăŻă‚„ă‚€ă‚’ćŸ—ăȘă„ă‚‚ăźăšć—ă‘ć…„ă‚ŒăȘければăȘらăȘい。
You need to come to terms with your jealousy of this young man.
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