明

to open; to vacate

Proverb

it's always darkest before the dawn; the darkest hour is just before the dawn

certificate of enrollment; certificate of (school) registration

Philosophy

ontological argument

perforated coin

opacity

Castillon bamboo (cultivar of Japanese timber bamboo, Phyllostachys bambusoides)

Kasuga Myōjin (the deity of Kasuga Shrine)

lighting equipment

Buddhism

adhyatma vidya (one of the five sciences of ancient India); science of spirituality

certificate of legal capacity to contract marriage; certification of one's legal capacity to be married

letter of explanation; written explanation

refreshing breeze and the bright moon; a beautiful nocturnal scene with a full moon

plain and simple; straightforward

statement of opposition; opposition declaration

style of haikai or haiku from the Tenmei era (based on a return to the style of Basho)

style of comical tanka from the Tenmei era (popularized by Oota Nampo)

the four great civilizations of the world (China, Babylon, India, and Egypt; as put forward by Chinese scholar Liang Qichao in 1900)

certificate of lateness (issued by a railroad company, etc.)

semitransparent body; translucent body

morning star

portable paper lantern for walking at night

continuously burning light (e.g. at a Buddhist altar)

teleological argument; argument from design

Biology

crepuscular