憂

depression; melancholy; dejection; gloom; despondency

Esp. 愁い

sorrow; grief; anguish; distress

Esp. 憂い

anxiety; worry; trouble; affliction; fear; misgivings

needless fear; groundless apprehension; unfounded worry

Formal or literary term

unhappy; sad; miserable; wretched; gloomy; melancholic; bitter

languid; weary; listless; melancholy

languorous; weary; listless

somber; sombre; gloomy; despondent

anxiety; concern; fear

to worry about; to be anxious about; to be concerned about

to lament; to grieve; to feel sorrow for

fleeting life; this transient world; floating world

Esp. 憂き世

sad world; world of grief and worry

the world of the living; this life; this world; the present world

(the world of the) red light districts

bitter experience; misery; distress; grief; sad thoughts; hardship

sad face; sorrowful face; anxious look; sad countenance

patriotic concern for the future of one's country

melancholy; gloom; grief

gloom; sadness; melancholy; despondency; cares; worries

anguish; mortification

melancholy air; anxious look; traces of sorrow; gloom

Formal or literary term; Pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi)

unhappy; sad; miserable; wretched; gloomy; melancholic; bitter

trouble; distress; sorrow

internal troubles; domestic discord

sharing the same concern

wretched life; life of misery

lamentation

grief; anguish

anxiety

illness

mourning

melancholia; severe depression

bitter experience; misery; distress; grief; sad thoughts