多

erudition and extensive knowledge

vowel (in the Siddham script)

Hakata Dontaku Festival (Fukuoka)

Medicine

obesity; excess of fat

rummage sale

Card games

utagaruta; traditional matching game played with cards with stanzas of waka written on them

things being very eventful at home and abroad

wide knowledge and versatile talents

Mathematics

regular polygon

pattra (palmyra leaves used in Ancient India for writing upon)

multiplicity of troubles; so many as to be troublesome

red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus)

comfortable majority (of seats); stable majority

Biology

single nucleotide polymorphism; SNP

Work of art, literature, music, etc. name

Mahabharata (Sanskrit Hindu epic, circa 400 CE)

diversification

induced pluripotent stem cell; iPS cell

eventful times for the nation; the nation being in turmoil; the storm clouds gathering in the land

promising (rosy, bright) future; offering promising prospects

humorous mask of a homely woman's face (characterized by a small low nose, high flat forehead, and bulging cheeks)

Work of art, literature, music, etc. name

The Willow Barrel (collection of Edo-period senryu); Haifu Yanagidaru

Medicine

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ADHD

talented people tend to be of delicate constitution; men of genius tend to be of delicate health; whom the gods love die young

type of male haircut (Edo period)