一

all one's family; one's whole family

original store; first store

perfunctory; going-through-the-motions-sort of (invitation, gift, etc.)

Yojijukugo

narrow escape from the jaws of death

there being barely a chance of escaping death

someone (important); person of importance

Sincerely yours (with the nuance of "please excuse the brevity of this letter")

uniform fee; flat fee

Mahjong

half flush; winning hand containing one suit and honor tiles

Colloquial

heterogeneity (e.g. manufacturing using products from several sources)

Physics

grand unified theory

(with) a flash of a drawn sword; brandishing a sword

Collections of the Twenty-One Eras; twenty-one collections of waka compiled by imperial command (early Heian to early Muromachi)

extremely important or once in a lifetime (request); only once in one's lifetime

Word usually written using kana alone

type of illegal loan charging 10% interest every 10 days

Hanafuda

dealt hand consisting of 1-point cards and one single 10-point card

Proverb

Rome was not built in a day

Linguistics

first person

first philosophy

Often 同一平面上に

coplanar; in the same plane; flush; even (with)

being inseparable as a form and its shadow; a person's deed mirrors the good or evil of his mind; husband and wife being never apart

single market (e.g. European single market)

concentration of mind; mental concentration (on some task)

staunch (steadfast, single-hearted) in one's devotion to his master (lord)

one and only; unique

without intermission for many years; with constancy of purpose for many years; in the same old rut for years on end

digital single-lens reflex camera; DSLR camera