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้™
้™
10 strokes
Frequency: 596
JLPT N2
Grade 6

Meanings

descend
precipitate
fall
surrender

Readings

On โ€” Chinese-derived reading, usually for compounds
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ด
Kun โ€” Native Japanese reading, usually for standalone words
ใŠ.ใ‚Šใ‚‹
ใŠ.ใ‚ใ™
ใต.ใ‚‹
ใต.ใ‚Š
ใใ .ใ‚‹
ใใ .ใ™
Nanori โ€” Specialized readings used in names
ใตใ‚Š
ใตใ‚‹

Common Words

ไธ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‹
ใŠใ‚Šใ‚‹
Intransitive
Ichidan verb
Freq #719
1

Esp. ไธ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‹

to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to come down

Examples
ใ‚ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใƒคใƒผใฏ้›ขใ‚Œๆฅญใ‚’ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ๅฑฑใ‚’ใŠใ‚Šใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
The professional skier liked to "hot-dog" down the mountain.
2

Esp. ้™ใ‚Šใ‚‹

to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to disembark; to dismount

Examples
ใ“ใ“ใง้™ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
Let's get off here.
3

to step down; to retire; to give up; to quit; to fold

4

Esp. ไธ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‹

to be granted; to be issued; to be given

5

Esp. ้™ใ‚Šใ‚‹

to form (of frost, dew, mist, etc.)

Examples
ไปŠๆœใฏ้œฒใŒ้™ใ‚ŠใŸใ€‚
The dew fell this morning.
6

Esp. ไธ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‹

to be passed (from the body; e.g. of a roundworm)

ใตใ‚‹
Godan verb
Intransitive
Freq #1246
1

to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down

Examples
ใ‚ทใ‚ซใ‚ดใฎใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใงใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
It was raining around Chicago.
2

to form (of frost)

3

to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in

4

to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.); to come; to arrive

้™ใ‚ใ™
ใŠใ‚ใ™
ไธ‹ใ™
Godan verb
Transitive
Freq #2311
1

to take down; to bring down; to lower (a hand, flag, shutter, etc.); to drop (an anchor, curtain, etc.); to let down (hair); to launch (a boat)

Examples
๏ผ’้šŽใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’้™ใ‚ใ—ใฆใใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚
Can you bring down my trunk from upstairs?
2

Esp. ้™ใ‚ใ™

to drop off (a passenger); to let off; to unload (goods, a truck, etc.); to offload; to discharge

Examples
ใ‚ใฎไฟกๅทใฎๆ‰‹ๅ‰ใง้™ใ‚ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
Please let me off on this side of that traffic light.
3

to withdraw (money)

Examples
้Š€่กŒใง๏ผ‘๏ผไธ‡ไธ‹ใ‚ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
Please draw a hundred thousand yen from the bank.
4

to use for the first time; to wear for the first time

5

to cut off; to fillet (fish); to grate (e.g. radish); to prune (branches)

6

Esp. ้™ใ‚ใ™

to remove (someone from a position); to oust; to drop

7

to clear (the table); to remove (offerings from an altar); to pass down (e.g. old clothes); to hand down

8

to expel from the body (e.g. worms); to abort (a fetus)

9

to invoke (a spirit); to call down

้™ใ‚‹
ใใ ใ‚‹
Godan verb
Intransitive
Freq #2483
1

to descend; to go down; to come down

Examples
ๅฑฑใ‚’ไธ‹ใฃใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใซๅญฆๆ กใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
There is a school down the mountain.
2

to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.)

Examples
ๅฝผใฏๆ‡ฒๅฝนๅๅนดใงใ€ๅฅณๆˆฟใซใฏไธ‰ๅนดใฎๅˆ‘ใŒไธ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
He was given ten years and his wife three.
3

to pass (of time)

4

to surrender; to capitulate

5

Often in neg. form

to be less than; to be inferior to

6

Also written as ็€‰ใ‚‹

to have the runs; to have diarrhea

7

to pass (in stool); to be discharged from the body

8

Archaic

to depreciate oneself; to be humble

ใ„ใ“ใ†
ๅทฒ้™
Adverb
Noun
Freq #2601
1

on and after; from ... onward; since

Examples
ใใ‚Œไปฅ้™ๅฝผใฏ่พ›ใ„ไธ€็”Ÿใ‚’้€ใฃใŸใ€‚
He led a hard life after that.
้™ใ™
ใใ ใ™
Godan verb
Freq #2761
1

Transitive verb

to make a decision; to draw a conclusion

Examples
ๅ•้กŒใฏ่ชฐใŒๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ™ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ€‚
The question is who will make the decision.
2

Transitive verb

to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to pass a sentence; to give an order

Examples
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใงๅ•้กŒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ฉ•ๆฑบใฏใ€๏ผ‘๏ผ™๏ผ™๏ผ”ๅนดใฎใƒฉใƒณใƒ€ใƒผ่ฃๅˆคใงไธ‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
The verdict at issue in these discussions is the one brought in the Lander's trial in 1994.
3

Transitive verb

to let go down; to lower

4

Transitive verb

to do oneself; to do by oneself

Examples
ๆ‰‹ใฎไธ‹ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใŒ็„กใ„ใ€‚
There's nothing to be done about it.
5

Transitive verb

to beat; to defeat

6

Transitive verb

to have loose bowels; to have diarrhea

7

Transitive verb

to pass (in stool); to discharge from the body

8

Suffix; After -masu stem of verb

to do in one go; to do to the end without stopping

่…ฐใ‚’ใŠใ‚ใ™
่…ฐใ‚’้™ใ‚ใ™
ใ“ใ—ใ‚’ใŠใ‚ใ™
่…ฐใ‚’ไธ‹ใ™
Expression
Godan verb
Freq #3887
1

to sit down

Examples
่…ฐใ‚’ไธ‹ใ‚ใ—ใ€ๆ‰‹ๅธณใ‚’้–‹ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
I sat down and opened my notebook.
ๆŒฏใ‚ŠใŠใ‚ใ™
ใตใ‚ŠใŠใ‚ใ™
ๆŒฏใ‚Š้™ใ‚ใ™
Godan verb
Transitive
Freq #4335
1

to swing downward; to bring down (one's sword, fist, etc.)

ใตใ‚Šใใใ
Intransitive
Godan verb
Freq #4442
1

to rain incessantly; to downpour

Examples
้›จใŒใพใจใ‚‚ใซ็งใซ้™ใ‚Šๆณจใ„ใงใ„ใŸใ€‚
The rain was falling on my face.
้ฃ›ใณไธ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‹
ใจใณใŠใ‚Šใ‚‹
่ทณใณไธ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‹
Intransitive
Ichidan verb
Freq #4504
1

to jump down; to leap down; to jump off; to leap off

Examples
๏ผ“ไบบใฎ็”ทใŒ้ฃ›ใณ้™ใ‚Šใ€ๅคใ„่Šๅˆˆใ‚ŠๆฉŸใ‚’ใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใจๅœฐ้ขใซใ‹ใ‘ใŸๆฟใง้™ใ‚ใ—ใŸใ€‚
Three men jumped out and rolled the old mower down the ramp from the truck to the ground.
๐ŸŽ“

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