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้Œฌ
้Œฌ
16 strokes
Frequency: 2221
JLPT N1
Grade 8

Meanings

tempering
refine
drill
train
polish

Readings

On โ€” Chinese-derived reading, usually for compounds
ใƒฌใƒณ
Kun โ€” Native Japanese reading, usually for standalone words
ใญ.ใ‚‹

Common Words

ใ—ใ‚Œใ‚“
่ฉฆ็…‰
่ฉฆ้Œฌ
Noun
Freq #5337
1

test; trial; ordeal; tribulation

Examples
ๅฝผใฏๅŽณใ—ใ„่ฉฆ็ทดใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ€‚
He was subjected to severe trials.
ใญใ‚‹
็…‰ใ‚‹
้Œฌใ‚‹
้‚Œใ‚‹
Godan verb
Freq #5538
1

Transitive verb

to knead; to thicken into a paste (stirring over a flame)

Examples
็งใฎๅฟƒใจๆ€ใ„ใจใ‚’็ทดใ‚Šๆธ…ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
Try out my reins and my heart.
2

Transitive verb

to polish (a plan, etc.); to refine; to elaborate; to work out

Examples
ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใ‚’ใจใฃใฆไฝœๆˆฆใ‚’็ทดใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
Let's take time out to elaborate a strategy.
3

Transitive verb

to train; to drill; to exercise

4

Transitive verb

to gloss (silk); to soften; to degum

5

Transitive verb

to tan (leather)

6

Transitive verb

to temper (steel)

7

Intransitive verb

to walk in procession; to parade; to march

ใ›ใ‚“ใ‚Œใ‚“
ๆด—็…‰
ๆด—้Œฌ
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Transitive
Freq #7846
1

refinement; polish

Examples
ใ‚ใ‚ใ„ใ†ๆด—็ทดใ•ใ‚ŒใŸไบบใ€…ใฎไธญใงใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฏใพใฃใŸใๅ ด้•ใ„ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใŸใ€‚
I felt utterly out of place among those sophisticated people.
้›็ทด
ใŸใ‚“ใ‚Œใ‚“
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Freq #8625
1

tempering (metal); annealing; forging

Examples
ๆˆๅŠŸใฏ้›็ทดใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Success consists of discipline.
2

toughening; disciplining; training

ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Œใ‚“
ไฟฎ้Œฌ
ไฟฎ็…‰
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Transitive
Freq #13479
1

training; drill; practice; practising; discipline

ใ‚Œใ‚“ใใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚…ใค
Noun
Freq #14663
1

alchemy

Examples
ใ€Œ่ฅฟ้Š่จ˜ใ€ใฎไธญใซใฏ้Œฌ้‡‘่ก“ใฎ่ฉฑใŒๆ•ฐๅคšใ็™ปๅ ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
Many tales of alchemy show up in "Journey to the West".
2

way of making money; moneymaker; money-spinner

Examples
็พไปฃใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌใง้Œฌ้‡‘่ก“ใจใ„ใˆใฐใ€ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใซใ—ใ‹ไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ใƒขใƒฉใƒซใ‚„็พžๆฅๅฟƒใจ็„ก็ธใฎๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฑ‹ใ‚„ๅฎ—ๆ•™ๅฎถใŒใ€ไธๆญฃใชๆ‰‹ๆฎตใงใ‚ซใƒใ‚‚ใ†ใ‘ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€‚
In present day Japan, "alchemy" is only used metaphorically; to refer to improper means of making money by politicians or religious hucksters with no morals or shame.
ใ‚Œใ‚“ใใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚…ใคใ—
Noun
Freq #15659
1

alchemist

็ทดใ‚Šใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹
็ทดไธŠใ’ใ‚‹
็…‰ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹
้Œฌใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹
ใญใ‚Šใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹
Transitive
Ichidan verb
Freq #22736
1

to knead well

2

to polish; to refine

็ทดๆˆ
ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ›ใ„
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Transitive
Freq #25161
1

training; drilling; strengthening

2

้Œฌๆˆ only; In modern fiction

use of alchemy; producing (gold, etc.) with alchemy

็™พๆˆฆ็ทด็ฃจ
ใฒใ‚ƒใใ›ใ‚“ใ‚Œใ‚“ใพ
ๅ››ๅญ—็†Ÿ่ชž
๏ฝžใฎ Adj.
Freq #26718
1

veteran; battle-worn; schooled by adversity in many battles; hard-bitten; rich in experience; very experienced

๐ŸŽ“

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