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่’
่’
9 strokes
Frequency: 1099
JLPT N2
Grade 8

Meanings

laid waste
rough
rude
wild

Readings

On โ€” Chinese-derived reading, usually for compounds
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
Kun โ€” Native Japanese reading, usually for standalone words
ใ‚.ใ‚‰ใ™
ใ‚.ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚‰.ใ„
ใ™ใ•.ใถ
ใ™ใ•.ใ‚€
ใ‚.ใ‚‰ใ—
Nanori โ€” Specialized readings used in names
ใ‚‰

Common Words

ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ„
๏ฝžใ„ Adj.
Freq #2422
1

rough; wild; violent; rude; coarse; harsh; fierce; heavy (e.g. breathing)

Examples
ๅƒ•ใฎใƒœใ‚นใฏไบบไฝฟใ„ใŒ่’ใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
My boss is a slave driver.
2

immoderate; extravagant; reckless

ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
Intransitive
Ichidan verb
Freq #4881
1

to become stormy; to become rough (of the sea)

Examples
ๆตทใฏใพใ™ใพใ™่’ใ‚ŒใฆใใŸใ€‚
The sea grew wilder and wilder.
2

to fall into ruin; to become neglected; to become dilapidated

Examples
ๆ‘ใธใฎ้“่ทฏใฏใจใฆใ‚‚่’ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
The road to the village is very rough.
3

to become rough (of skin); to get chapped

Examples
ๅ”‡ใŒ่’ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
I have chapped lips.
4

to become unruly; to become violent; to go wild; to get out of control

Examples
ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉๅฝผใฏๅ‰›้€Ÿ็ƒๆŠ•ๆ‰‹ใ ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ่’ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
It is true he has a good fast ball, but he is often wild.
5

to become unsettled (e.g. of one's life); to become disordered

็ฒ—็ฒ—
่’ใ€…
่’่’
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‰
Adverb
Freq #5693
1

roughly; broadly; generally; more or less

ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ™
Godan verb
Transitive
Freq #7288
1

to lay waste; to devastate; to damage

Examples
ๅบญใ‚’่’ใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใฎใฏ่ชฐใ ใ€‚
Who destroyed the garden?
2

to invade; to break into

Examples
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใฎๆžœๅฎŸๅœ’ใ‚’่’ใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใ€‚
They robbed my orchard.
3

Colloquial; Computing

to troll (e.g. web forums); to spam

Examples
ๆŽฒ็คบๆฟใ‚’่’ใ‚‰ใ™ไบบใฎ็ฒพ็ฅž็Šถๆ…‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
I just don't understand what goes through the minds of people who troll forums.
่’่’ใ—ใ„
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
๏ฝžใ„ Adj.
Freq #7307
1

rough; wild; rude; harsh; gruff; violent

Examples
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎ่’ใ€…ใ—ใ„่ฉฆๅˆใงใฏ้ธๆ‰‹ใŒใฒใฉใ„ใ‘ใŒใ‚’่ฒ ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ—ใ€ใจใใซใฏๆญปใฌใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
So, players were often seriously injured and sometimes even killed in these rough games.
่’ใ‚Œ้‡Ž
ใ“ใ†ใ‚„ (่’้‡Ž๏ผๆ› ้‡Ž)
ใ‚ใ‚Œใฎ (่’้‡Ž๏ผ่’ใ‚Œ้‡Ž)
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใฎ (่’้‡Ž๏ผๆ› ้‡Ž)
ๆ› ้‡Ž
Noun
Freq #9985
1

wasteland; wilderness; deserted land; prairie; vast plain; wilds; desert; wild land

Examples
ๆ–ฐใŸใชๅ…ฅๆค่€…้”ใŒใใฎๅบƒๅคงใช่’้‡Žใ‚’้–‹ๆ‹“ใ—ใŸใ€‚
The newcomers cultivated the immense wilderness.
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚‹
Transitive
Ichidan verb
Freq #10252
1

Unorthodox version of ่’ใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚‹

to roughen (e.g. one's attitude); to raise (one's voice)

ๅน่’ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใตใใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
Intransitive
Ichidan verb
Freq #11480
1

to blow violently; to sweep over; to devastate

Examples
ๅค–ใงใฏๅ†ทใŸใ„ๅŒ—้ขจใŒ่ฝŸใ€…ใจๅนใ่’ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
The cold north wind was roaring outside.
็ฒ—
ใ‚ขใƒฉ
่’
Freq #12721
1

Word usually written using kana alone; Common noun; Usu. ใ‚ขใƒฉ

remaining bony parts (of a fish after filleting)

2

Word usually written using kana alone; Common noun

flaw (esp. of a person); fault; defect

Examples
ไป–ไบบใฎใ‚ใ‚‰ใฐใ‹ใ‚ŠๆŽขใ™ๅซŒใชไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
He is a very irritating critic of others.
3

Common noun

rice chaff

4

Prefix

rough

5

Prefix

crude; raw; natural; wild

ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚‹
Transitive
Ichidan verb
Freq #13134
1

to roughen (e.g. one's attitude); to raise (one's voice)

๐ŸŽ“

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