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æ–š
æ–š
4 strokes
Frequency: 46
JLPT N3
Grade 2

Meanings

direction
person
alternative

Readings

On — Chinese-derived reading, usually for compounds
ホã‚Ļ
Kun — Native Japanese reading, usually for standalone words
かた
-かた
-がた
Nanori — Specialized readings used in names
から
ãĒ
ãĒた
ãĩさ
ぞさ
ãŋãĄ
も
わ

Common Words

ãģう
Noun
Freq #117
1

direction; way; side; area (in a particular direction)

Examples
ã‚¸ãƒ§ãƒŗãŽæ–šãŒäēŒäēēãŽã†ãĄã§čƒŒãŒéĢ˜ã„ã€‚
John is the taller of the two.
2

Often į§ãŽæ–š, あãĒたぎ斚, etc.

side (of an argument, etc.); one's part

3

type; category

4

field (of study, etc.)

5

indicates one side of a comparison

6

way; method; manner; means

7

length (of each side of a square)

č˛´æ–š
貴åĨŗ
螴ᔎ
Pronoun
Usually kana
Freq #121
1

Trad. polite in ref. to someone of equal or lower status, now oft. regarded as rude or distant

you

Examples
毎晊十分ãĒįĄįœ ã‚’ã¨ã‚Œã°ã€ã‚ãĒãŸã¯ãšãŖã¨æ°—åˆ†ãŒã‚ˆããĒるだろう。
If you get enough rest every night, you'll feel much better.
2

č˛´æ–šīŧč˛´į”ˇ only; Familiar; Used by wives addressing their husbands

dear; honey

Examples
ねえあãĒãŸãŸãĄčĄŒã‹ãĒいで。
Don't go, dears.
かた
Freq #304
1

Common noun; Also ãģう

direction; way

2

Honorific; Common noun

person; lady; gentleman

Examples
グãƒĒãƒŧãƒŗå¤Ģäēēã¯ã€į§ãŽå­äž›ãŸãĄãŒæ­Œã‚’įŋ’ãŖãĻいる斚ですが、äģŠåēĻぎæ—Ĩ曜ãĢį‹Ŧå”ąäŧšã‚’開くäēˆåŽšã§ã™ã€‚
Mrs. Green, from whom my children have lessons in singing, is to have a recital next Sunday.
3

Common noun; Noun, used as a suffix

method of; manner of; way of

Examples
そぎ少嚴はã‚Ģãƒŧブぎ投げ斚をįŸĨãŖãĻいる。
The boy knows how to throw a curve.
4

Noun, used as a suffix

care of ...

5

Noun, used as a suffix; Also がた

person in charge of ...

6

Noun, used as a suffix; Also がた

side (e.g. "on my mother's side")

ãģうãģう
Noun
Freq #410
1

method; way; manner; process; procedure; means; measure

Examples
ã“ã‚ŒãŒã€į§ãŒč‹ąčĒžã‚’å‹‰åŧˇã—ãŸæ–šæŗ•ã ã€‚
This is how I learned English.
さぞ
æ–š
įŠļ
Freq #466
1

Honorific; Suffix; After a person's name, position, etc.

Mr; Mrs; Miss; Ms

Examples
こぎざぞはおうしたんだ。
How did you get into this mess?
åŊŧåĨŗã¯įŽ‹åĨŗæ§˜ãĢãĒãŖãŸå¤ĸをčĻ‹ãŸã€‚
She dreamed that she was a princess.
2

Polite; Suffix; Usu. after a noun or na-adjective prefixed with お or ご

makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions)

Examples
おうもごčĻĒ切さぞ。
That's very kind of you.
3

Common noun

state; situation; appearance; manner

Examples
フナフナと歊き回る様は、あぞりãĢãƒ‡ãƒŗã‚¸ãƒŖãƒŠã‚šã ã€‚
The way she dizzily moves around is far too dangerous.
ã“ãŖãĄ
此斚
ã“ãĄ
Pronoun
Usually kana
Freq #480
1

Direction close to the speaker or towards the speaker

this way; this direction

Examples
ã“ãĄã‚‰ã¸ã‚„ãŖãĻくる少嚴とそぎįŠŦをごらんãĒさい。
Look at the boy and his dog that are coming this way.
2

Place close to the speaker or where the speaker is

here

Examples
åĄŠã‚’ã“ãĄã‚‰ã¸å–ãŖãĻもらえぞすか。
Could you pass me the salt, please?
3

Something physically close to the speaker

this (one)

Examples
ã“ãĄã‚‰ãŽæ–šãŒã‚ãĄã‚‰ã‚ˆã‚Šå€¤æŽĩがéĢ˜ã„ã€‚
This costs more than that.
4

I; me; we; us

Examples
ã“ãĄã‚‰ã‚ĸãƒ¤ã€ã“ãĄã‚‰ã‚ĸヤ、åŋœį­”ãŠéĄ˜ã„ã—ãžã™ã€‚
This is Aya, this is Aya. Please respond.
5

ã“ãĄã‚‰ only; Someone physically close to the speaker and of equal or higher status

this person

Examples
å”æ¯ã•ã‚“ã€ã“ãĄã‚‰ã¯ãƒˆãƒ å›ã§ã™ã€‚
Aunt, this is Tom.
č˛´æ–š
Pronoun
Usually kana
Freq #504
1

Colloquial; Familiar form of あãĒた; oft. considered rude

you

ããŖãĄ
そãĒた
ããĄ
å…ļæ–š
Pronoun
Usually kana
Freq #849
1

Direction distant from the speaker, close to the listener

that way; that direction

Examples
ããĄã‚‰ã¯ã‚ģãƒŗãƒˆãƒŠãƒĢč‡Ē動čģŠå­Ļæ Ąã§ã¯ãĒいんですか。
Isn't this Central Driving School?
2

Place distant from the speaker, close to the listener

there

Examples
ããŖãĄãŽį”Ÿæ´ģはおうだいīŧŸ
How are things for you up there?
3

Something close to the listener

that (one)

Examples
ã“ã‚Œã¨ããĄã‚‰ã¨ãŽé•ã„ã¯äŊ•だい。
What is the difference between this and that?
4

ããĄã‚‰ is polite

you; your family; your company

Examples
ããĄã‚‰ãŽæĄäģļを受けå…Ĩれぞしょう。
We will accept your conditions.
5

Someone close to the listener

that person

ãŠãŖãĄ
äŊ•æ–š
Pronoun
Usually kana
Freq #978
1

ãŠãĄã‚‰ is polite

which way; which direction; where

Examples
あぎ〜éƒĩäžŋåą€ã¯ãŠãĄã‚‰ã§ã—ã‚‡ã†ã‹ã€‚
Uh..., where's the post office?
2

which one (esp. of two alternatives)

Examples
ã€ŒčŠąå­ã¨å¤ĒéƒŽãŽãŠãĄã‚‰ãŒč‹Ĩいですか」「å¤Ē郎です」
"Who is younger, Hanako or Taro?" "Taro is."
3

who

ãģうこう
Noun
Freq #1037
1

direction; orientation; bearing; way

Examples
チãƒŧã‚ēãŽæŖšã¯ãŠãĄã‚‰ãŽæ–šå‘ãĢありぞすか。
Which way is the cheese shelf?
2

course (e.g. of action)

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