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ๅŒ–
ๅŒ–
4 strokes
Frequency: 89
JLPT N2
Grade 3

Meanings

change
take the form of
influence
enchant
delude
-ization

Readings

On โ€” Chinese-derived reading, usually for compounds
ใ‚ซ
ใ‚ฑ
Kun โ€” Native Japanese reading, usually for standalone words
ใฐ.ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใฐ.ใ‹ใ™
ใต.ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‘.ใ™ใ‚‹

Common Words

ใธใ‚“ใ‹
Noun
Freq #963
1

Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru; Intransitive verb

change; variation; alteration; mutation; transition; transformation; transfiguration; metamorphosis

Examples
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆŽฅใ—ๆ–นใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใฏใ€ไป–ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ไป–ใฎๅ›ฝใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Like other changes, this change in attitude has occurred in other countries, too.
2

variety; diversity

Examples
ใ“ใฎ่พบใฎๅฑฑใ€…ใฏๅค‰ๅŒ–ใซๅฏŒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
The mountains in this part of the country are full of variety.
3

Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru; Intransitive verb; Grammar

inflection; declension; conjugation

Examples
ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Can you conjugate this verb?
4

Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru; Intransitive verb; Sumo

sidestepping

ใ‹ใ™ใ‚‹
Intransitive
Transitive
Freq #1726
1

Suru verb - special class

to change (into); to turn (into); to transform (into); to become

Examples
ใƒ‡ใƒผใ‚ฟๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ€ๅฃ็ด™ใ‚‚ไฝœใฃใฆใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
I also digitized it and made a desktop image.
2

Suru verb - special class

to influence

ใ›ใ„ใ‹
Noun
Freq #2194
1

Christianity

sanctification; consecration

ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Transitive
Freq #2433
1

strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification

Examples
ๆˆ‘ใ€…ใฏ็ต„็น”ใ‚’ๅผทๅŒ–ใ—ใชใใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใ‚“ใ€‚
We must beef up our organization.
2

Psychology

reinforcement

ใ‹
Suffix
Freq #2672
1

After a noun

change to ...; becoming ...; making into ...; -ization; -ification

Examples
ใใฎๆกไปถใฏ็ฉบๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
The treaty is now a dead letter.
ใถใ‚“ใ‹
Noun
Freq #2860
1

culture; civilization; civilisation

Examples
ไธกๅœฐๅŸŸใฏๅฎ—ๆ•™ใจๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใŒ้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
The two regions differ in religion and culture.
2

Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)

ใ€Š ่ชค้ญ”ๅŒ–ใ™ ใ€‹
ใ€Š ่ชคๆ‘ฉๅŒ–ใ™ ใ€‹
ใ€Š ่ƒก้บปๅŒ–ใ™ ใ€‹
Godan verb
Transitive
Usually kana
Freq #3538
1

to deceive; to cheat; to swindle

Examples
ใใ‚“ใชๆ‰‹ใง็งใฎ็›ฎใ‚’ใ”ใพใ‹ใใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚็„ก้ง„ใ ใ€‚
You can't fool me with a trick like that.
2

to falsify; to misrepresent; to lie about; to tamper with; to fiddle; to doctor; to cook

Examples
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็จŽ้‡‘ใ‚’้€ƒใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅธณใ˜ใ‚Šใ‚’ใ”ใพใ‹ใ—ใŸใ€‚
They falsified the account balances to evade the tax.
3

to evade (a question, taxes, etc.); to dodge; to gloss over (a mistake, fault, etc.); to smooth over; to get one's way out of (a difficult situation); to explain away

Examples
ๅฝผใฏใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ”ใพใ‹ใ—ใŸใ€‚
He laughed the matter away.
4

to embezzle; to pocket

ๅŒ–็‰ฉ
ใฐใ‘ใ‚‚ใฎ
ใฐใ‘ใ‚‚ใ‚“
Noun
Freq #3593
1

goblin; apparition; monster; ghost; phantom; spectre; specter

Examples
ใใฎๅปบ็‰ฉใฏๅŒ–ใ‘็‰ฉใฟใŸใ„ใ ใ€‚
The building is a monstrous structure.
ใ‘ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‘ใ‚ใ„
ไปฎ็ฒง
ใ‘ใใ†
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Intransitive
Transitive
Freq #4515
1

make-up; makeup; cosmetics

Examples
ใ“ใฃใฆใ‚ŠๅŒ–็ฒงใ—ใŸ้ก”ใฏ็•ฐๆง˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
A face with too much make up looks strange.
2

decoration; dressing; veneer

ใ—ใ‚“ใ‹
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Intransitive
Freq #4620
1

Biology

evolution

Examples
็ตถๆป…ใฏ้€ฒๅŒ–ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Extinction is part of evolution.
2

evolution; becoming more advanced; progress; development; improvement

๐ŸŽ“

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