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ๅ‰ฐ
ๅ‰ฐ
11 strokes
Frequency: 1448
JLPT N1
Grade 8

Meanings

surplus
besides

Readings

On โ€” Chinese-derived reading, usually for compounds
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
Kun โ€” Native Japanese reading, usually for standalone words
ใ‚ใพใคใ•ใˆ
ใ‚ใพ.ใ‚Š
ใ‚ใพ.ใ‚‹

Common Words

ไฝ™ใ‚Š
ใ‚ใ‚“ใพใ‚Š
้ค˜ใ‚Š
Freq #318
1

ใ‚ใพใ‚Š only; Word usually written using kana alone; Common noun; Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'

remainder; remnant; rest; balance; surplus; remains (of a meal); leftovers

Examples
ใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใ–ใฎๅ…ทใฎใ‚ใพใ‚Šใฏ๏ผŸ้คƒๅญใ‚’ๅฎถใงไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็šฎใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ›ใ„ใ‹ใ€ๅ…ทใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ไฝ™ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Gyoza stuffing? I made some gyoza at home but, possibly because I didn't have enough dough, I had some of the filling left over.
2

Word usually written using kana alone; Adverb (fukushi); With neg. sentence

(not) very; (not) much

Examples
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไพกๅ€คใŒใชใ„ใ€‚
It's not worth much.
ใ“ใฎๆ‰‹ใฎๆœฌใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ชญใพใชใ„ใ€‚
I don't read this kind of book much.
3

Word usually written using kana alone; Adverb (fukushi); Esp. as ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซ(ใ‚‚)

too much; excessively; overly

4

Adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'

extreme; great; severe; tremendous; terrible

Examples
ใ‚นใ‚คใƒผใƒˆใƒซใƒผใƒ ใฎใ‚ใพใ‚Šใฎ่ฑช่ฏใ•ใซใ‚ฆใƒƒใƒˆใƒชใ—ใŸใ€‚
We were entranced by the fabulous suite.
5

Colloquial; Adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); Sometimes as ใ‚ใพใ‚Šโ€ฆ

not very good; so-so; mediocre

6

ใ‚ใพใ‚Š only; Noun, used as a suffix

more than; over

Examples
๏ผ‘ใ‹ๆœˆใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅๅคๅฑ‹ใซๅฑ…ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
I lived for more than a month in Nagoya.
ใ‹ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
๏ฝžใช Adj.
Noun
Freq #5653
1

excess; surplus; superabundance; overabundance

Examples
ๅฎ‰ใ„่ผธๅ…ฅๅ“ใงๅธ‚ๅ ดใŒไพ›็ตฆ้Žๅ‰ฐใซใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
Cheap imports will glut the market.
ใ‚ใพใฃใ•ใˆ
ๅ‰ฐ
ๅ‰ฐใˆ
Adverb
Usually kana
Freq #14443
1

Usu. negative nuance

besides; moreover; in addition

ๅ‰ฐใ™
ใ‚ใพใ™
Godan verb
Transitive
Freq #18276
1

to save; to leave over; to spare

Examples
ๅฝผใฏใ€ๆ—…ๅˆธใ‚’ไฝ™ใใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ€‚
He tried to save something from his travel expenses.
ใ˜ใ„ใ—ใใ‹ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
๏ฝžใช Adj.
Noun
๏ฝžใฎ Adj.
Freq #18839
1

excessive self-consciousness; excessively self-conscious person

ใ‚ˆใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
Noun
Freq #25813
1

Noun or verb acting prenominally

surplus; remainder; residue; margin; balance

ใ‹ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใฏใ‚“ใฎใ†
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Freq #35870
1

overreaction

ใ˜ใ—ใ‚“ใ‹ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
๏ฝžใช Adj.
Noun
๏ฝžใฎ Adj.
Freq #37721
1

overconfident; presumptuous

Examples
่‡ชไฟก้Žๅ‰ฐใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใชใใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚
You should beware of overconfidence.
ใ‹ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใฃใ—ใ‚…
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Transitive
Freq #53641
1

overdose; excessive consumption

Examples
ใใฎไธญๆฏ’่€…ใฏ้บป่–ฌใฎ้Žๅ‰ฐๆ‘‚ๅ–ใงๆญปใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
The addict died from a drug overdose.
ใ‹ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใผใ†ใˆใ„
Noun
ๅ››ๅญ—็†Ÿ่ชž
Freq #61837
1

excessive or unjustifiable self-defense (defence)

๐ŸŽ“

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