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ๅ‚
ๅ‚
12 strokes
Frequency: 1660
JLPT N1
Grade 8

Meanings

bystander
side
besides
while
nearby
third person

Readings

On โ€” Chinese-derived reading, usually for compounds
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
Kun โ€” Native Japanese reading, usually for standalone words
ใ‹ใŸใ‚.ใ‚‰
ใ‚ใ
ใŠใ‹-
ใฏใŸ
ใใฐ
Nanori โ€” Specialized readings used in names
ใณ

Common Words

ๅด
ๅ‚
็ซฏ
ใใ (ๅด)
ใฏใŸ
Noun
Freq #1512
1

Word usually written using kana alone

near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides; while

Examples
ใ‚ใฎ็ช“ใฎใใฐใฎๆœบใฏไฝฟใ†ใชใ€‚
Don't use the desk by that window.
2

ใฏใŸ only

third person

Examples
ใใฎๆฐ—ใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใฏใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใชใ„ใจใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใญใ€‚
If he doesn't want to learn, we can't make him.
ๆ—
ๅด
่„‡
ใ‹ใŸใ‚ใ‚‰
ๅดใ‚‰
ๅ‚
Adverb
Noun
Freq #4078
1

Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'

side; edge; beside; besides; nearby

Examples
ใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใฏ่ชญๆ›ธใ‚’ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€๏ผ‘ๅŒนใฎ็ŒซใŒใ‹ใŸใ‚ใ‚‰ใง็œ ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
Mary was reading, with a cat sleeping beside her.
2

Word usually written using kana alone

while (doing); in addition to; at the same time

ๅดใ‹ใ‚‰
ๅ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰
Expression
Usually kana
Freq #5663
1

After verb

as soon as; right after

ใฏใŸ็›ฎ
ใฏใŸใ‚
Noun
Freq #14316
1

Oft. ใ€œใซ

outsider's perspective; as seen by an observer

ใฏใŸใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใ‚‹
็ซฏใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใ‚‹
ใฏใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใฟใ‚‹
Expression
Ichidan verb
Freq #14863
1

to be seen from the point of view of an onlooker

ใผใ†ใ‹ใ‚“
๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ Verb
Noun
Transitive
Freq #15552
1

looking on; standing by and watching; sitting back and watching; remaining a spectator

Examples
ไธ–้–“ใฏใ„ใคใพใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆšด่™ใ‚’ๅ‚่ฆณใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€‚
How long can the world stand by and watch these atrocities?
ๅ‚ใซ็ฝฎใ
่„‡ใซใŠใ
ใ‚ใใซ็ฝฎใ
ใ‚ใใซใŠใ
Expression
Godan verb
Freq #17812
1

to lay aside; to set aside

Examples
ใใฎๆททใœ็‰ฉใ‚’ใ‹ใๆททใœใฆใ€ๆณก็ซ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰่„‡ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใŠใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
Stir the mixture until it foams, then set it aside.
ใผใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใใถใ˜ใ‚“
ๆ—่‹ฅ็„กไบบ
๏ฝžใช Adj.
Noun
ๅ››ๅญ—็†Ÿ่ชž
๏ฝžใฎ Adj.
Freq #18436
1

behaving outrageously as though there were no one around; acting without consideration for others; arrogance; audacity; insolence

Examples
ๅ‚่‹ฅ็„กไบบใฎๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใ„ใ ใญใ€‚
They are cutting loose.
ใŠๅด
ใŠๅ‚
Noun
Freq #19193
1

Honorific; Word usually written using kana alone

near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides; while

2

attendant; retainer; vassal

ใผใ†ใ‹ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ
Noun
Freq #20664
1

onlooker; bystander

Examples
ๅ‚่ฆณ่€…ใซใฏใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใฎๅคง้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใฟใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
Onlookers see most of the game.
๐ŸŽ“

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