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äē‹
äē‹
8 strokes
Frequency: 18
JLPT N3
Grade 3

Meanings

matter
thing
fact
business
reason
possibly

Readings

On — Chinese-derived reading, usually for compounds
ジ
ã‚ē
Kun — Native Japanese reading, usually for standalone words
こと
つか.う
つか.える
Nanori — Specialized readings used in names
ろ

Common Words

äē‹
į¸Ą
Usually kana
Freq #15
1

Common noun

thing; matter

Examples
「īŧĩīŧŽīŧĻīŧŽīŧ¯ã¨ã¯äŊ•ã‚’čĄ¨ã—ãĻいるぎ」「æœĒįĸēčĒéŖ›čĄŒį‰ŠäŊ“ぎことだと思う」
"What does U.F.O. stand for?" "It means Unidentified Flying Object, I guess."
2

Common noun

incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis

3

Common noun

circumstances; situation; state of affairs

4

Common noun

work; business; affair

5

Common noun

after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to

6

Noun, used as a suffix

nominalizing suffix

Examples
åŊŧã¯åą…įŠēきとしãĻįŸĨられ、æ—Ĩ中でもåŽļãĢåŋãŗčžŧã‚“ã§č˛´é‡å“ã‚’į›—ã‚€ã“ã¨ã§čŠ•åˆ¤ã¨ãĒãŖãĻいた。
He was known as a burglar of houses where occupants are present and had a reputation for sneaking in and stealing valuables even during the day.
7

Noun, used as a suffix

pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...

8

Common noun; As aことb (a = alias, b = real name)

alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or

9

Common noun; As 〜ことはãĒい

necessity; need

10

Common noun; As 〜ことだ

you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...

しごと
Noun
Freq #194
1

Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru; Intransitive verb

work; job; labor; labour; business; task; assignment; occupation; employment

Examples
「あãĒたはäģ•äē‹ãŒæ°—ãĢå…ĨãŖãĻいると思いぞす」「いやそれおころか、åĢŒã„ã§ã™ã€
"I think you like your job." "On the contrary, I hate it."
2

Physics

work

äē‹ãĢãĒる
Expression
Godan verb
Usually kana
Freq #219
1

Usu. sentence ending

to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that

Examples
īŧ‘é€ąé–“ãŽäŧ‘æš‡ã‚’å–ãŖãĻã‚‚č‰¯ã„äē‹ãĢãĒãŖãŸã€‚
I was allowed to take a week off.
2

to be the result (of); to be the outcome

Examples
č‹Ļ労とåŋƒé…ã§åŊŧぎåĨåēˇã¯ãã“ãĒわれることãĢãĒãŖãŸã€‚
Toil and worry caused his health to break down.
3

to be the reason (for)

Examples
あãĒãŸãŒč¨€ãŖãĻいることからすれば、åŊŧはそこãĢいãĒã‹ãŖãŸã“ã¨ãĢãĒる。
It follows from what you say that he was not there.
ことがå‡ēæĨる
äē‹ãŒã§ãã‚‹
äē‹ãŒå‡ēæĨる
Expression
Usually kana
Ichidan verb
Freq #319
1

Usu. verb+ことが...

to be able (to); to be possible (to)

Examples
įˇ‘č‰˛æ¤į‰Šã¯č‡Ē分č‡ĒčēĢãŽéŖŸį‰Šã‚’äŊœã‚‹ã“とができる。
Green plants can make their own food.
äē‹ãŒã‚ã‚‹
Expression
Usually kana
Freq #326
1

Godan verb with 'ru' ending (irregular verb); After the past tense form of a verb

(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something)

Examples
į§ã¯åŊŧãĢäŧšãŖãŸã“とがある。
I have met him before.
2

Godan verb with 'ru' ending (irregular verb)

(for something) to happen on occasion

Examples
į´°čŒãŒį—…æ°—ã‚’åŧ•きčĩˇã“すことがある。
Germs can cause sickness.
だいじ
Freq #387
1

Adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

important; serious; crucial

Examples
あãĒたぎčĻĒ切ãĒč¨€č‘‰ã¯å¤§äē‹ãĢåŋƒãĢåˆģãŋつけãĻおきぞす。
I'll treasure your kind words.
2

Adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

valuable; precious

Examples
åŊŧã¯į§ãŸãĄãĢã¨ãŖãĻ大äē‹ãĒäēēだ。
He is precious to us.
3

Common noun

serious matter; major incident; matter of grave concern; crisis

4

Common noun

great undertaking; great enterprise; great thing

5

Adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); Tochigi dialect

safe; OK

äē‹ãĢする
Expression
Usually kana
する Verb
Freq #395
1

to decide to

2

After the past tense form of a verb

to pretend that

3

As 〜ことãĢしãĻいる

to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to

Examples
į§ã¯īŧ–時ãĢčĩˇåēŠã™ã‚‹ã“とãĢしãĻいる。
I make a practice of getting up at six.
äē‹ã¯ãĒい
Expression
īŊžã„ Adj.
Usually kana
Freq #591
1

there is no need to ...

Examples
å›ãŒã˛ãŠã„į›ŽãĢあうことはãĒいよ。
No harm will come to you.
2

never happens; there is never a time when

Examples
それはæąēしãĻæļˆãˆã‚‹ã“とはãĒい。
That will never disappear.
じじつ
Adverb
Noun
Freq #649
1

fact; truth; reality

Examples
äē‹åŽŸã¯å°čĒŦよりもåĨ‡ãĒり。
Fact is stranger than fiction.
じけん
Noun
Freq #716
1

event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble; scandal

Examples
こぎäē‹äģļãĢæ‰‹ã‚’č˛¸ã—ãĻください。
Give me a hand with this case.
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