異

crossbreeding

half-sibling (with a different father)

to be different (from each other); to differ

namesake; person with the same name

color-vision deficiency; colour-vision deficiency; color-blindness; colour-blindness

Proverb

inscrutable and interesting are the ways people are brought together

heterochromia iridis; eyes differing in colour (color)

cohabiting but living in different worlds

equal workmanship but different style

Law

formal complaint (regarding conduct of a criminal case); appeal for reconsideration; protest

half-sister (different father); half-sisters

being of one mind; acting in one accord; behaving in perfect harmony

mutagenicity

Linguistics

homophony (having the same pronunciation as another word but a different meaning); homonymy

cross-cultural; intercultural

optical isomerism

abnormal termination (e.g. of a program); ABnormal END; ABEND

region of anomalous seismic intensity

to be in a different genre; to belong to a different category

nonspecific

to die; to quit this world; to return to the earth; to go the way of all flesh; to part forever

Botany

dioecy; dioecism

E.g. 暑い and 熱い, 油 and 脂

(words with) different kanji but the same Japanese reading (and usu. a similar meaning)

homophony (having the same pronunciation as another word but a different written form); heterography