明

modern convenience; convenience of civilized life; blessings of civilization

to drink the night away

Idiomatic expression

to outwit; to get the better of; to leave (an opponent) dumbfounded; to expose (someone's) nose

indirect lighting

scenic; beautiful; picturesque

to disclose a secret

lighting equipment

(written) explanation; explanatory label (e.g. in a museum); information sign (e.g. at a tourist spot); instructions (e.g. for a product)

skylight; dormer; transom; dormer window

Happy New Year

investigation to determine the cause (of); tracing something back to its origin

to talk the night away; to talk all night

of unknown affiliation

Buddhism

Acala (Wisdom King); Acalanatha; Fudō Myōō (Myō-ō); fierce Buddhist deity

civilized society; civilised society

already proved

wide-open

frank; open; candid

clear and serene (as a polished mirror and still water)

faintly light; dim

accountability; being held accountable

next morning; following morning

civilization and enlightenment; Japan's Westernization movement during the Meiji era (Westernisation)

the gods of heaven and earth

(being) off night duty; end of a night shift