四

land-tax rate during the Edo period (the government took 60 percent of the year's rice crop and the farmers kept 40 percent)

Hanafuda

four-of-a-kind (in a dealt hand)

Quaternary period

Abbreviation

Chūgoku and Shikoku

Sumo

hold in which both wrestlers obtain an underarm grip with the left hand and an over-arm grip with the right

Martial arts

tate-shiho-gatame (judo); vertical four-quarter hold

Hanafuda

the Ono no Michikaze card and three other 20-point cards (scoring combination)

being preoccupied with immediate (superficial) differences without realizing that there are no differences in substance; six of one and half a dozen of another

Abbreviation

four-wheeled light vehicle

four-wheeled light vehicle

Japanese hornbeam (Carpinus japonica)

the 64 hexagrams (of the Book of Changes)

Mahjong

big four winds; winning hand containing four kongs or pungs of winds

May Fourth Movement (anti-imperialist student demonstration in Beijing on May 4, 1919)

carbon-14

the four great civilizations of the world (China, Babylon, India, and Egypt; as put forward by Chinese scholar Liang Qichao in 1900)

Buddhism

four kinds of birth in the six destinies

Mahjong

little four winds; winning hand consisting of three kongs or pungs of winds and a pair of the fourth wind

Music

notation system for the sanshin

Anatomy

fourth ventricle; brain structure

one metropolis (Tokyo), one "circuit" (Hokkaido), two urban prefectures (Osaka and Kyoto) and 43 prefectures proper; prefectures of Japan

carbon-14 dating; radiocarbon dating

the common run of men; the average Joe; good-for-nothing (person)

士 represents November as it can be decomposed into 十一 (11)

nishimuku samurai (mnemonic for remembering the months with fewer than 31 days)